Everything about Geothermal Geology totally explained
» For other uses see Geothermal (disambiguation)
In
geology,
geothermal refers to heat sources within the planet. Strictly speaking,
geo-thermal necessarily refers to the
Earth but the concept may be applied to other planets.
Geothermal is technically an
adjective (for example,
geothermal energy) but in U.S. English the word has attained frequent use as a
noun (otherwise expressed as
g. heat, g. source, or geotherm).
The planet's internal heat was originally generated during its
accretion, due to
gravitational binding energy, and since then additional heat has continued to be generated by the
radioactive decay of elements such as
uranium,
thorium, and
potassium. The heat flow from the interior to the surface is only 1/20,000 as great as the energy received from the
Sun.
Sources
Temperature within the Earth increases with increasing depth. Highly viscous or partially molten rock at temperatures between 1,200 and 2,200 °F (650 to 1,200 °C) is postulated to exist everywhere beneath the Earth's surface at depths of 50 to 60 miles (80 to 100 kilometers), and the temperature at the Earth's center, nearly 4,000 miles (6,400 kilometers) deep, is estimated to be 5650 ± 600
kelvins.
- Much of the heat is believed to be created by decay of naturally radioactive elements. An estimated 45 to 90 percent of the heat escaping from the Earth originates from radioactive decay of elements within the mantle.
- Heat of impact and compression released during the original formation of the Earth by accretion of in-falling meteorites.
- Heat released from the sinking of abundant heavy metals (iron, nickel, copper) as they descended to the Earth's core.
- Some heat may be created by electromagnetic effects of the magnetic fields involved in Earth's magnetic field.
- Heat generated within the Earth's core may be in the range of 4–10 TW.
- Heat may be generated by tidal force on the Earth as it rotates, since land can't flow like water it compresses and distorts, generating heat.
Heat flow
Heat flows constantly from its sources within the Earth to the surface.
Global terrestrial heat flow is about 45 TW (1 TW = 10
12 watts).
Hot spots
Geothermal heat at the surface is highly concentrated where
magma is close to the surface. This primarily occurs in
volcanic and
hotspot areas and at
spreading ridge areas.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Geothermal Geology'.
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